# Research Articles and Chapters ## Type of Research Paper [Book Chapter chevron\_right](/publications?f%5B0%5D=bibcite_reference_type%3Abook_chapter) [Journal Article chevron\_right](/publications?f%5B0%5D=bibcite_reference_type%3Ajournal_article) ## For a full list of my research papers, please see my CV. Download 25 citations download- [BibTeX](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=25&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B0%5D=book_chapter&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B1%5D=journal_article&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B2%5D=working_paper&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Boperator%5D=IN&format=bibtex) - [EndNote X3 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=25&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B0%5D=book_chapter&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B1%5D=journal_article&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B2%5D=working_paper&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Boperator%5D=IN&format=endnote8) - [EndNote 7 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=25&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B0%5D=book_chapter&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B1%5D=journal_article&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B2%5D=working_paper&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Boperator%5D=IN&format=endnote7) - [Endnote tagged](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=25&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B0%5D=book_chapter&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B1%5D=journal_article&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B2%5D=working_paper&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Boperator%5D=IN&format=tagged) - [Marc](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=25&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B0%5D=book_chapter&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B1%5D=journal_article&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B2%5D=working_paper&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Boperator%5D=IN&format=marc) - [PubMedId](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=25&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B0%5D=book_chapter&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B1%5D=journal_article&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B2%5D=working_paper&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Boperator%5D=IN&format=pubmed_id) - [RIS](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=25&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters=&&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B0%5D=book_chapter&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B1%5D=journal_article&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%5B2%5D=working_paper&additional_filters%5Btype%5D%5B0%5D%5Boperator%5D=IN&format=ris) ### 2022 Bettinger, Eric, Oded Gurantz, Monica Lee, and Bridget Long. 2022. “[’Prior-Prior Year’ FAFSA Increased Aid Submissions But Likely Not Enrollment.](/publications/%E2%80%99prior-prior-year%E2%80%99-fafsa-increased-aid-submissions-likely-not-enrollment)”. *Research in Higher Education*. Bettinger, Eric, Oded Gurantz, Monica Lee, and Bridget Long. 2022. “[’Prior-Prior Year’ FAFSA Increased Aid Submissions But Likely Not Enrollment.](/publications/%E2%80%99prior-prior-year%E2%80%99-fafsa-increased-aid-submissions-likely-not-enrollment)”. *Research in Higher Education*. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-022-09720-9) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-022-09720-9) ### 2021 Avery, Christopher, Benjamin Castleman, Michael Hurwitz, Bridget Long, and Lindsay Page. 2021. “[Digital Messaging to Improve College Enrollment and Success. ](/publications/digital-messaging-improve-college-enrollment-and-success)”. *Economics of Education Review* 84. Avery, Christopher, Benjamin Castleman, Michael Hurwitz, Bridget Long, and Lindsay Page. 2021. “[Digital Messaging to Improve College Enrollment and Success. ](/publications/digital-messaging-improve-college-enrollment-and-success)”. *Economics of Education Review* 84. ### 2018 Boatman, Angela, and Bridget Terry Long. 2018. “[Does Remediation Work for All Students? How the Effects of Postsecondary Remedial and Developmental Courses Vary by Level of Academic Preparation](/publications/does-remediation-work-all-students-how-effects-postsecondary-remedial-and)”. *Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis* 40 (1): 29-58. Boatman, Angela, and Bridget Terry Long. 2018. “[Does Remediation Work for All Students? How the Effects of Postsecondary Remedial and Developmental Courses Vary by Level of Academic Preparation](/publications/does-remediation-work-all-students-how-effects-postsecondary-remedial-and)”. *Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis* 40 (1): 29-58. Castleman, Ben, Bridget Terry Long, and Zachary Mabel. 2018. “[Can Financial Aid Help to Address the Growing Need for STEM Education? The Effects of Need-Based Grants on the Completion of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Courses and Degrees](/publications/can-financial-aid-help-address-growing-need-stem-education-effects-need-based)”. *Journal of Policy Analysis and Management* 37 (1): 136-66. Castleman, Ben, Bridget Terry Long, and Zachary Mabel. 2018. “[Can Financial Aid Help to Address the Growing Need for STEM Education? The Effects of Need-Based Grants on the Completion of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Courses and Degrees](/publications/can-financial-aid-help-address-growing-need-stem-education-effects-need-based)”. *Journal of Policy Analysis and Management* 37 (1): 136-66. Bettinger, Eric, and Bridget Terry Long. 2018. “[Mass Instruction or Higher Learning? The Impact of College Class Size on Student Retention and Graduation](/publications/mass-instruction-or-higher-learning-impact-college-class-size-student-retention-and)”. *Education Finance and Policy* 13 (1): 97-118. Bettinger, Eric, and Bridget Terry Long. 2018. “[Mass Instruction or Higher Learning? The Impact of College Class Size on Student Retention and Graduation](/publications/mass-instruction-or-higher-learning-impact-college-class-size-student-retention-and)”. *Education Finance and Policy* 13 (1): 97-118. ### 2016 Boatman, Angela, and Bridget Terry Long. 2016. “[Does Financial Aid Impact College Student Engagement?: Evidence from the Gates Millennium Scholars Program](/publications/does-financial-aid-impact-college-student-engagement-evidence-gates-millennium)”. *Research in Higher Education* 57: 653-81. Boatman, Angela, and Bridget Terry Long. 2016. “[Does Financial Aid Impact College Student Engagement?: Evidence from the Gates Millennium Scholars Program](/publications/does-financial-aid-impact-college-student-engagement-evidence-gates-millennium)”. *Research in Higher Education* 57: 653-81. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract While increasing numbers of students have gained access to higher education during the last several decades, postsecondary persistence and academic success remain serious concerns with only about half of college entrants completing degrees. Given concerns... Castleman, Benjamin L., and Bridget Terry Long. 2016. “[Looking Beyond Enrollment: The Causal Effect of Need-Based Grants on College Access, Persistence, and Graduation](/publications/looking-beyond-enrollment-causal-effect-need-based-grants-college-access)”. *Journal of Labor Economics* 34: 1023-73. Castleman, Benjamin L., and Bridget Terry Long. 2016. “[Looking Beyond Enrollment: The Causal Effect of Need-Based Grants on College Access, Persistence, and Graduation](/publications/looking-beyond-enrollment-causal-effect-need-based-grants-college-access)”. *Journal of Labor Economics* 34: 1023-73. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract The government has attempted to ameliorate gaps in college access and success by providing need-based grants, but little evidence exists on the long-term impacts of such aid. We examine the effects of the Florida Student Access Grant (FSAG) using a... Bettinger, Eric, Bridget Terry Long, and Eric S. Taylor. 2016. “[When Inputs Are Outputs: The Case of Graduate Student Instructors](/publications/when-inputs-are-outputs-case-graduate-student-instructors)”. *Economics of Education Review* 52: 63-76. Bettinger, Eric, Bridget Terry Long, and Eric S. Taylor. 2016. “[When Inputs Are Outputs: The Case of Graduate Student Instructors](/publications/when-inputs-are-outputs-case-graduate-student-instructors)”. *Economics of Education Review* 52: 63-76. ### 2014 Long, Bridget Terry. 2014. “[The Financial Crisis and College Enrollment: How Have Students and Their Families Responded?](/publications/financial-crisis-and-college-enrollment-how-have-students-and-their-families)”. In *How the Financial Crisis and Great Recession Affected Higher Education*, 209-33. University of Chicago Press. Long, Bridget Terry. 2014. “[The Financial Crisis and College Enrollment: How Have Students and Their Families Responded?](/publications/financial-crisis-and-college-enrollment-how-have-students-and-their-families)”. In *How the Financial Crisis and Great Recession Affected Higher Education*, 209-33. University of Chicago Press. ### 2013 Bettinger, Eric P., Angela Boatman, and Bridget Terry Long. 2013. “[Student Supports: Developmental Education and Other Academic Programs](/publications/student-supports-developmental-education-and-other-academic-programs)”. In *Future of Children*, 23:93-115. Bettinger, Eric P., Angela Boatman, and Bridget Terry Long. 2013. “[Student Supports: Developmental Education and Other Academic Programs](/publications/student-supports-developmental-education-and-other-academic-programs)”. In *Future of Children*, 23:93-115. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Low rates of college completion are a major problem in the United States. Less than 60 percent of students at four-year colleges graduate within six years, and at some colleges, the graduation rate is less than 10 percent. Additionally, many students... ### 2012 Bettinger, Eric, Bridget Terry Long, Philip Oreopoulos, and Lisa Sanbonmatsu. 2012. “[The Role of Application Assistance and Information in College Decisions: Results from the H&R Block FAFSA Experiment](/publications/role-application-assistance-and-information-college-decisions-results-hr-block)”. *Quarterly Journal of Economics* 127: 1205-42. Bettinger, Eric, Bridget Terry Long, Philip Oreopoulos, and Lisa Sanbonmatsu. 2012. “[The Role of Application Assistance and Information in College Decisions: Results from the H&R Block FAFSA Experiment](/publications/role-application-assistance-and-information-college-decisions-results-hr-block)”. *Quarterly Journal of Economics* 127: 1205-42. ### 2011 Long, Bridget Terry. 2011. “[The New Financial Aid Policies: Their Impact on Access and Equity For Low-Income Students?](/publications/new-financial-aid-policies-their-impact-access-and-equity-low-income-students)”. In *Diversity in American Higher Education: Toward a More Comprehensive Approach*. New York: Routledge. Long, Bridget Terry. 2011. “[The New Financial Aid Policies: Their Impact on Access and Equity For Low-Income Students?](/publications/new-financial-aid-policies-their-impact-access-and-equity-low-income-students)”. In *Diversity in American Higher Education: Toward a More Comprehensive Approach*. New York: Routledge. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.routledge.com/Diversity-in-American-Higher-Education-Toward-a-More-Comprehensive-Approach/Stulberg-Weinberg/p/book/9780415874526) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.routledge.com/Diversity-in-American-Higher-Education-Toward-a-More-Comprehensive-Approach/Stulberg-Weinberg/p/book/9780415874526) ### 2010 Bettinger, Eric P., and Bridget Terry Long. 2010. “[Does Cheaper Mean Better? The Impact of Using Adjunct Instructors on Student Outcomes](/publications/does-cheaper-mean-better-impact-using-adjunct-instructors-student-outcomes)”. *Review of Economics and Statistics* 92: 598-613. Bettinger, Eric P., and Bridget Terry Long. 2010. “[Does Cheaper Mean Better? The Impact of Using Adjunct Instructors on Student Outcomes](/publications/does-cheaper-mean-better-impact-using-adjunct-instructors-student-outcomes)”. *Review of Economics and Statistics* 92: 598-613. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Higher education has increasingly relied on part-time, adjunct instructors. Critics argue that adjuncts reduce educational quality because they often have less education than full-time professors. On the other hand, by specializing in teaching or being... Long, Bridget Terry. 2010. “[Making College Affordable by Improving Aid Policy](/publications/making-college-affordable-improving-aid-policy)”. *Issues in Science and Technology* 26: 27-38. Long, Bridget Terry. 2010. “[Making College Affordable by Improving Aid Policy](/publications/making-college-affordable-improving-aid-policy)”. *Issues in Science and Technology* 26: 27-38. Long, Bridget Terry. 2010. “[Beyond Admissions: Reflections and Future Considerations](/publications/beyond-admissions-reflections-and-future-considerations)”. *The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science* 627: 216-25. Long, Bridget Terry. 2010. “[Beyond Admissions: Reflections and Future Considerations](/publications/beyond-admissions-reflections-and-future-considerations)”. *The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science* 627: 216-25. Long, Bridget Terry. 2010. “[High School Dropout Prevention and College Preparatory Programs](/publications/high-school-dropout-prevention-and-college-preparatory-programs)”. In *Targeting Investments in Children: Fighting Poverty When Resources Are Limited*. Long, Bridget Terry. 2010. “[High School Dropout Prevention and College Preparatory Programs](/publications/high-school-dropout-prevention-and-college-preparatory-programs)”. In *Targeting Investments in Children: Fighting Poverty When Resources Are Limited*. ### 2009 Bettinger, Eric P., and Bridget Terry Long. (July) 2009. “[Addressing the Needs of Underprepared Students in Higher Education: Does College Remediation Work?](/publications/addressing-needs-underprepared-students-higher-education-does-college-remediation)”. *Journal of Human Resources* 44: 736-71. Bettinger, Eric P., and Bridget Terry Long. (July) 2009. “[Addressing the Needs of Underprepared Students in Higher Education: Does College Remediation Work?](/publications/addressing-needs-underprepared-students-higher-education-does-college-remediation)”. *Journal of Human Resources* 44: 736-71. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Each year, thousands graduate high school academically underprepared for college. Many must take remedial or developmental postsecondary coursework, and there is a growing debate about the effectiveness of such programs. This paper examines the effects of... Bound, John, Brad Hershbein, and Bridget Terry Long. 2009. “[Playing the Admissions Game: Student Reactions to Increasing College Competition](/publications/playing-admissions-game-student-reactions-increasing-college-competition)”. *Journal of Economic Perspectives* 23: 119-46. Bound, John, Brad Hershbein, and Bridget Terry Long. 2009. “[Playing the Admissions Game: Student Reactions to Increasing College Competition](/publications/playing-admissions-game-student-reactions-increasing-college-competition)”. *Journal of Economic Perspectives* 23: 119-46. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Gaining entrance to a four-year college or university, particularly a selective institution, has become increasingly competitive over the last several decades. We document this phenomenon and show how it has varied across different parts of the student... Long, Bridget Terry, and Michal Kurlaender. 2009. “[Do Community Colleges Provide a Viable Pathway to a Baccalaureate Degree?](/publications/do-community-colleges-provide-viable-pathway-baccalaureate-degree)”. *Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis* 31: 30-53. Long, Bridget Terry, and Michal Kurlaender. 2009. “[Do Community Colleges Provide a Viable Pathway to a Baccalaureate Degree?](/publications/do-community-colleges-provide-viable-pathway-baccalaureate-degree)”. *Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis* 31: 30-53. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Community colleges have become an important entryway for students intending to complete baccalaureate degrees. However, many question the viability of the transfer function and wonder whether students suffer a penalty for starting at 2-year institutions... ### 2008 Osili, Una Okonkwo, and Bridget Terry Long. 2008. “[Does Female Schooling Reduce Fertility? Evidence from Nigeria](/publications/does-female-schooling-reduce-fertility-evidence-nigeria)”. *Journal of Development Economics* 87: 57-75. Osili, Una Okonkwo, and Bridget Terry Long. 2008. “[Does Female Schooling Reduce Fertility? Evidence from Nigeria](/publications/does-female-schooling-reduce-fertility-evidence-nigeria)”. *Journal of Development Economics* 87: 57-75. ### 2007 Long, Bridget Terry, and Erin Riley. 2007. “[Financial Aid: A Broken Bridge to College Access?](/publications/financial-aid-broken-bridge-college-access)”. *Harvard Educational Review* 77: 39-63. Long, Bridget Terry, and Erin Riley. 2007. “[Financial Aid: A Broken Bridge to College Access?](/publications/financial-aid-broken-bridge-college-access)”. *Harvard Educational Review* 77: 39-63. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract In this article, Bridget Terry Long and Erin Riley argue that in recent years, U.S. financial aid policy has shifted its emphasis from expanding college access for low-income students toward defraying the costs for middle- and upper-income families. They... Long, Bridget Terry, and Erin Riley. 2007. “[The Demand Side of Student Loans: The Changing Face of Borrowers](/publications/demand-side-student-loans-changing-face-borrowers)”. In *Footing the Tuition Bill: The New Student Loan Sector*, 136-56. Long, Bridget Terry, and Erin Riley. 2007. “[The Demand Side of Student Loans: The Changing Face of Borrowers](/publications/demand-side-student-loans-changing-face-borrowers)”. In *Footing the Tuition Bill: The New Student Loan Sector*, 136-56. Long, Bridget Terry, and Erin Riley. 2007. “[Sending Signals to Students: The Role of Early Placement Testing in Improving Academic Preparation](/publications/sending-signals-students-role-early-placement-testing-improving-academic)”. In *Minding the Gap: Why Integrating High School With College Makes Sense and How to Do It*, 105-12. Long, Bridget Terry, and Erin Riley. 2007. “[Sending Signals to Students: The Role of Early Placement Testing in Improving Academic Preparation](/publications/sending-signals-students-role-early-placement-testing-improving-academic)”. In *Minding the Gap: Why Integrating High School With College Makes Sense and How to Do It*, 105-12. Long, Bridget Terry. 2007. “[The Contributions of Economics to the Study of College Access and Success](/publications/contributions-economics-study-college-access-and-success)”. *Teachers College Record* 109: 2367-2443. Long, Bridget Terry. 2007. “[The Contributions of Economics to the Study of College Access and Success](/publications/contributions-economics-study-college-access-and-success)”. *Teachers College Record* 109: 2367-2443. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Background/Context: The essay provides a comprehensive review of work by economists and others in related quantitative disciplines on the transition of students to college. A particular emphasis is given to the role of price and financial aid although... ### 2005 Bettinger, Eric P., and Bridget Terry Long. 2005. “[Do Faculty Serve As Role Models? The Impact of Instructor Gender on Female Students](/publications/do-faculty-serve-role-models-impact-instructor-gender-female-students)”. *American Economic Review* 95: 152-57. Bettinger, Eric P., and Bridget Terry Long. 2005. “[Do Faculty Serve As Role Models? The Impact of Instructor Gender on Female Students](/publications/do-faculty-serve-role-models-impact-instructor-gender-female-students)”. *American Economic Review* 95: 152-57. [ More arrow\_circle\_right ](/publications) ## Interviews and Profiles “[Using the Tools of Economics to Make Education More Effective](https://gsas.harvard.edu/news/stories/using-tools-economics-make-education-more-effective).” Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS), 150th Anniversary Alumni Profile. Oct. 21, 2022. “[Because the Future of Education](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/ed/20/01/because-we-are-moving-forward-future-education).” HGSE Centennial coverage. *Ed Magazine*, Winter 2020. "[Educating Educators](https://harvardmagazine.com/2019/07/educating-educators)." Interview by John S. Rosenberg, *Harvard Magazine*, July 2019. "[Four deans, and their journeys](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/05/four-women-discuss-the-challenges-they-face-as-harvard-deans/)." *Harvard Gazette*, May 21, 2019. "[Straight Up Conversation: New Harvard Ed School Dean Bridget Terry Long](http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/rick_hess_straight_up/)." With Rick Hess, *Education Week*, June 27, 2018. "[Bridget Terry Long to lead Ed School](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/05/bridget-terry-long-named-dean-of-harvard-ed-school/)." *Harvard Gazette*, May 2, 2018. See the HGSE announcement [here](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/18/05/bridget-terry-long-named-ed-school-dean). "[Honing in on the Economics of Higher Education](https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/committees/csmgep/profiles/bridget-terry-long), CSMGEP Profile for the American Economic Association. 2016.